Neodymium-YAG LaserAn example of a solid-state laser, the neodymium-YAG uses the Nd3+ ion to dope the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) host crystal to produce the triplet geometry which makes population inversion possible. Neodymium-YAG lasers have become very important because they can be used to produce high powers. Such lasers have been constructed to produce over a kilowatt of continuous laser power at 1065 nm and can achieve extremely high powers in a pulsed mode. Neodymium-YAG lasers are used in pulse mode in laser oscillators for the production of a series of very short pulses for research with femtosecond time resolution. |
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Neodymium-Glass LasersNeodymium glass lasers have emerged as the design choice for research in laser-initiated thermonuclear fusion. These pulsed lasers generate pulses as short as 10-12 seconds with peak powers of 109 kilowatts.
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Ruby Laser
The ruby laser is used as a pulsed laser, producing red light at 694.3 nm. After receiving a pumping flash from the flash tube, the laser light emerges for as long as the excited atoms persist in the ruby rod, which is typically about a millisecond. A pulsed ruby laser was used for the famous laser ranging experiment which was conducted with a corner reflector placed on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts. This determined the distance to the Moon with an accuracy of about 15 cm. |
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Pumping Levels for Ruby Laser
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Ruby Laser and Flash Tube
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